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The primary goal of this study is to synthesize a high‐conducting polymer electrolyte film. The PVDF‐HFP and NaSCN film are prepared which showed the highest conductivity at 30 wt% dopant of NaSCN in the Polymer PVDF‐HFP which is 1.24× 10−4 S cm−1. Therefore, here the base polymer is taken as PVDF‐HFP and NaSCN (30 wt%) and further Acetylene Black is added to check the variation in the conductivity of the polymer film. Solution casting technique is used to create solid polymer electrolyte films using poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) with salt sodium thiocyanate and Acetylene Black. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) is used to evaluate the morphology of the polymer film surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to check the presence of functional group is used, impedance spectroscopy is used for the measurement of the conductivity of the sample, linear sweep voltammetry for finding electrical stability window, and transference number measurements for concentration of charge carriers are done for the electrical studies of polymeric films. The 1 wt% Acetylene Black doped polymer electrolyte film is found to have the maximum ionic conductivity, which is 1.95 × 10−3 S cm−1. The solid polymer electrolyte film has an electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 4.8 V and tion value of 0.83. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential applications of carbon black are expected to grow as science and technology improve offering up new possibilities for innovation throughout disciplines included in the field of energy storage. The present work shows the influence of carbon black to improve the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte. The synthesis of polyethylene oxide: ammonium iodide based polymer electrolyte incorporated with carbon black varying from 0.01 to 0.06 wt% with respect to PEO: NH4I system by solution casting method. Different characterizations like polarized optical microscopy (POM), impedance spectroscopy, and ionic transference number (tion) are studied in detail. The maximum ionic conductivity is achieved at 0.05 wt% carbon black shows 1.20 × 10−5 S cm−1 at ambient temperature. In accordance with POM data, the amorphous region has increased whereas the crystalline region has shrunk which further indicated the increase in ionic conductivity. The value of (tion) is calculated to be 0.97 which shows the system is ionic in nature. PEO based polymer electrolyte doped carbon black can be used for the fabrication of energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐conducting salt‐doped polymer electrolyte layer has been created here for use in photocell technologies. The solution casting method is used to produce ion conducting film where poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is used as the host polymer and potassium iodide (KI) as the dopant. The conductivity and amorphic increases of the polymer electrolytes with the addition of salt concentrations helps in the enhancement of the charge transfer properties. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), ionic conductivity is evaluated where maximum conductivity is 3.99 × 10−6 S cm‐1 at 20 wt% KI concentration. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) shows the reduction in crystallinity by salt doping, while Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows the complexation as well as composite nature of the film. Ionic transference number (tion) measurement shows the predominantly ionic nature of this polymer electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future demands for energy shortages have prompted a lot of effort to be put into finding alternatives. The use of renewable energies as a revolutionary energy source has gained acceptance. Due to their high flexibility and the interaction between the electrode and the electrolyte, solid polymer electrolytes are employed as a favorable electrolyte for application of electrochemical devices to storage renewable energy. As these are easy in synthesis, have much lower mass density, shows high mechanical stability, also have low binding energy with salts, and high mobility of charge carriers, polyethylene Oxide (PEO) based electrolyte has attracted a lot of interest. Configuration rectification combining PEO with ionic liquids has been introduced to enhance the low ionic conductivity and poor thermodynamic stability of the PEO materials in high‐voltage devices at ambient temperature. This configuration modification can successfully validate the applications of PEO polymer electrolyte with large electro‐stable voltage ranges. Solution casting method has been used for the synthesis of polymer electrolyte. The essential physical characteristics of PEO in polymer matrices work as a polymer host in SPEs has been described in this review paper, along with several modifications to overcome these limitations. It has been seen that the addition of ionic liquid increases the all over conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte in most cases also improves the electrical stability of the electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial waste locks are used as raw materials to reduce harmful effects on the environment and improve environmental performance. Marble clay powder can be used as a filling aid and can fill voids in concrete structures. This article will show you how to use a maximum natural sand alternative in concrete with marble powder and quarry dust. The challenge of the 21st century is to change to a new form that can support the natural system. This necessitates a radical rethinking of how to give the community infrastructure and housing. Making a concerted effort to develop novel, innovative, and alternative construction materials may be necessary. Jungles of concrete around cause's impact on the Environment and it would result in climate change. Mankind must avoid the use of things that are detrimental to the environment. So in this paper, it is decided to address the issue by adopting the use of the green concrete concept which is environmentally friendly. Green concrete is concrete made up using industrial wastes such as marble powder, quarry dust, wood ash, paper pulp, etc. Green concrete, which is capable of sustainable development, helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources, energy use, and environmental pollution. Green concrete is more cost‐effective than ordinary concrete and reduces the cost of resultant concrete by 14%–20%. It is also observed that the alkali‐aggregate reaction and sulfate attack resistance of concrete are both significantly improved. Green concrete is a useful tool for lowering environmental pollution and enhancing concrete's resistance to harsh conditions. All stages of infrastructure construction and rehabilitation will follow this trend of using new cement and techniques. Green concrete's adaptability and its performance derivatives will meet a variety of future needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion is the irreversible, interfacial reaction of metals in the presence of an electrochemical environment which ultimately results in the deterioration of metals. Corrosion of reinforcement is the major problem in the reinforced concrete (RC) structure. Corrosion of reinforcement is a slow process because of the protective layer of concrete. Even in a severely corrosive environment corrosion process takes time to be initiated and propagated. Since to carry out research work, some techniques are required to accelerate the corrosion process in the shortest period. To overcome this problem, in the past, many researchers use a different method to accelerate the corrosion of steel in concrete. In this paper, a review is presented of various techniques used for accelerated corrosion testing. The suitability of reviewed methods on corrosion acceleration for several research works is presented. After that few case studies review to make use of various predicted empirical models and an experimental technique for predicting corrosion rate and the assessment of the remaining life of the structure. And finally, the paper is concluded by comparing the natural method of corrosion and the accelerated method of corrosion and the future scope of accelerated corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films based on poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF–HFP) with salt and ionic‐liquid (IL) are synthesized using the solution‐cast technique and summarized in this review. Doping ILs or salts increases ionic conductivity up to the device level. This is further confirmed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) affirms that enhancement in ionic conductivity is due to increase in amorphous nature of film. The complex nature of polymer electrolyte films is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. Overall results show that doping IL into polyether matrix is advantageous material playing a dominant role in electrochemical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the construction industry is inevitable. The huge production of OPC and its use in infrastructural development pose an environmental impact. Greenhouse gas emitted increases the global temperature and it is an alarming sign to everybody on the planet. Concrete is the most consuming material which is produced by using OPC and it is proven that OPC contributes a lot to CO2 emission. Hence in this study attempt is made to produce concrete by using environment‐friendly material like fly ash along with alkaline activators, which is termed Geo polymer concrete. The by‐product fly ash is widely available worldwide. It is a by‐product of thermal power plants. The use of fly ash in concrete produces less expensive and more cost‐effective concrete than concrete made up using OPC. Due to its high silicate and alumina content, fly ash reacts with an alkaline solution to create an aluminosilicate gel that binds the aggregate and results in high‐quality concrete. Fly ash is finer than cement, it occupies the pores of cement after hydration. This would result in denser concrete which gives higher strength. In comparison to ordinary concrete, fly ash‐based geopolymer concrete offers better resistance to aggressive environments and high temperatures. In the present study, an alkaline activator of molarity 8 is used to prepare geopolymer concrete. The test specimens are cast and cured for 28 days. Test results indicate that an alkaline liquid fly‐ash ratio (0.4) produces higher mechanical properties. Hence, geopolymer concrete produced in this study is found to be cost‐effective and environment friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of materials throughout human history and their role in economic progress and social well-being. It emphasizes the application of materials in the form of devices and the ongoing research on advanced and functional materials to enhance existing technologies. The article highlights the challenges faced by researchers in synthesizing, analyzing, and characterizing materials, and the need for collaboration among scientists, engineers, and individuals from industries. The article also provides an overview of the 3rd National Conference on Materials and Devices (NCMD), which aimed to connect young researchers with senior scientists and professors and facilitate discussions on materials and their device applications. The conference featured plenary and invited speakers, as well as research papers and poster presentations by young researchers. The article expresses gratitude to the organizers, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, and the journal "Macromolecular Symposia" for their support and publication of selected papers from the conference. [Extracted from the article]

Ionic liquid‐doped poly(vinylpyrrolidone), ammonium iodide (NH4I) ion conducting polymer electrolytes are prepared by solution cast technique. Ionic liquid (IL), 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (HMImI) is then added to increase the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes by reducing the crystallinity of polymer electrolyte. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the complex formation as well as composite nature. Polarized optical microscopy affirms the reduction of crystallinity in polymer electrolyte by IL doping. Electrochemical double layer capacitors are then assembled using maximum conducting polymer electrolyte and porous carbon‐based electrodes which shows excellent specific capacitance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]